Reproducibility challenges arise when ill-defined supplements, such as serum or serum derivatives like fetal bovine serum (FBS) or human AB serum, are employed for key cell culture and manipulation steps in the workflow. Media reagents that are chemically defined or free from animal-derived components can replace human serum for cell culturing, thereby avoiding safety risks and variability between product lots while ensuring product consistency.

Compared to human AB serum, CHEMICALLY DEFINED (CD) and XENO-FREE (X)F formulations:

• Minimize risk SINCE components are fully defined
• Are not affected by donor-specific characteristics such as gender, age, sex, and diet
• Are consistent from one lot to the next
• Are customizable