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- Regulatory Status
- RUO
- Other Names
- Fixable Dye, Fixable Viability Dye, Dead, Apoptosis
- Ave. Rating
- Submit a Review
- Product Citations
- publications
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One day old splenocytes were stained with Zombie Aqua™ and analyzed without fixation (blue) or analyzed after fixation and permeabilization (red). Cells alone without Zombie Aqua™ staining are indicated in black. -
HeLa cells were treated with 20% EtOH for 20 seconds, washed twice with PBS, and then were left to recover for five minutes with cell culture media in 37°C. The cells were stained with Zombie Aqua™ (1:1000) (cyan) for 15 minutes and then fixed with 1% paraformaldehyde (PFA) for ten minutes. Nuclei were counterstained with DRAQ5 (Red) for five minutes. The image was captured with 40X objective.
| Cat # | Size | Price | Quantity Check Availability | Save | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 423101 | 100 tests | DKK529 | ||||
| 423102 | 500 tests | DKK1990 | ||||
Zombie Aqua™ is an amine-reactive fluorescent dye that is non-permeant to live cells but permeant to cells with compromised membranes. Thus, it can be used to assess live vs. dead status of mammalian cells. Zombie Aqua™ is a polar, water-soluble dye providing very bright green fluorescence, making it suitable for use in multi-color detection.
Product Details
- Preparation
- Zombie Aqua™ Fixable Viability Kit is composed of lyophilized Zombie Aqua™ dye and anhydrous DMSO. For reconstitution, pre-warm the kit to room temperature; add 100 µl of DMSO to one vial of Zombie Aqua™ dye and mix until fully dissolved. 100 tests = 1 vial of Zombie Aqua™ + DMSO, 500 tests = 5 vials of Zombie Aqua™ + DMSO.
- Storage & Handling
- Store kit at -20°C upon receipt. Do not open vials until needed. Once the DMSO is added to the Zombie Aqua™ dye, use immediately, or store at -20°C in a dry place and protected from light, preferably in a desiccator or in a container with desiccant for no more than one month.
- Application
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FC - Quality tested
ICFC, ICC - Verified - Recommended Usage
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Each lot of this product is quality control tested by immunofluorescent staining with flow cytometric analysis.
For flow cytometry, the suggested dilution is 1:100-1:1000 for 1-10 million cells. For immunofluorescence microscopy, the suggested dilution is 1:1000. It is recommended that the reagent be titrated for optimal performance for each application, as optimal dosage varies with cell type. - Excitation Laser
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Violet Laser (405 nm)
- Application Notes
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Zombie Aqua™ dye is excited by the violet laser and has a maximum emission of 516 nm. If using in a multi-color panel design, filter optimization may be required depending on other fluorophores used. Zombie Aqua™ dye has similar emission to Brilliant Violet 510™.
Standard Cell Staining Protocol:- Prior to reconstitution, spin down the vial of lyophilized reagent in a microcentrifuge to ensure the reagent is at the bottom of the vial.
- For reconstitution, pre-warm the kit to room temperature; add 100 µL of DMSO to one vial of Zombie Aqua™ dye and mix until fully dissolved
- Wash cells with PBS buffer (no Tris buffer and protein free).
- Dilute Zombie Aqua™ dye at 1:100-1000 in PBS. Resuspend 1-10 x 106 cells in diluted 100 µL Zombie Aqua™ solution. To minimize background staining of live cells, titrate the amount of dye and/or number of cells per 100 µL for optimal performance. Different cell types can have a wide degree of variability in staining based on cell size and degree of cell death.
- Note: Don’t use Tris buffer as a diluent and be sure that the PBS does not contain any other protein like BSA or FBS.
- Note: The amount of dye used can also influence the ability to detect apoptotic as well as live and dead cells.
- Incubate the cells at room temperature (or 4°C), in the dark, for 15-30 minutes.
- Wash one time with 2 mL BioLegend’s Cell Staining Buffer (Cat. No. 420201) or equivalent buffer containing serum or BSA.
- Continue performing antibody staining procedure as desired.
- Cells can be fixed with paraformaldehyde or methanol prior to permeabilization or can be analyzed without fixation.
No-wash Sequential Staining Protocol:
- Wash cells with PBS buffer (no Tris buffer and protein free).
- For reconstitution, pre-warm the kit to room temperature; add 100 µL of DMSO to one vial of Zombie Aqua™ dye and mix until fully dissolved
- Determine the total µL volume of antibody cocktail previously titrated and optimized for the assay that will be added to each vial/well of cells based on a final volume of 100 µL. Subtract that antibody volume from the 100 µl total staining volume intended for the assay. In the remaining volume, dilute Zombie Aqua™ dye at 1:100-1000 in PBS as determined by prior optimization at that volume. For example, if you are adding 20 µL of antibody cocktail for a 100 µL total staining volume, use 80 µL of Zombie Aqua™ solution. Resuspend 1-10 x 106 cells in the appropriate volume of Zombie Aqua™ solution. Different cell types can have a wide degree of variability in staining based on cell size and degree of cell death.
- Note: Don’t use Tris buffer as a diluent and be sure that the PBS does not contain any other protein like BSA or FBS.
- Note: The amount of dye used can also influence the ability to detect apoptotic as well as live and dead cells.
- Incubate for 10-15 minutes at RT (or 4°C), protected from light. Without washing the cells, add the cell surface antibody cocktail and incubate for another 15-20 minutes.
- Add 1-2 mL Cell Staining Buffer (Cat. No. 420201) or equivalent buffer containing BSA or serum. Centrifuge to pellet.
- Continue with normal fixation and permeabilization procedure. If planning to skip fixation and analyze cells live, complete an additional wash step to minimize any unnecessary background of the live cells.
- Notes: If the cell type in use cannot tolerate a protein-free environment, then titrate the Zombie Aqua™ dye in the presence of the same amount of BSA/serum as will be present in the antibody staining procedure. A higher amount of Zombie Aqua™ may be required since the BSA/serum will react with and bind up some proportion of the Zombie Aqua™.
- Additional Product Notes
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View more applications data using this product to validate Veri-Cells™ lyophilized control cells and to study dendritic cell subsets.
- Application References
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- Vom Berg J, et al. 2013. J Exp Med. 210:2803. PubMed
- Radovanovic I, et al. 2014. J Immunol. 193:1290. PubMed
- Price PJ, et al. 2014. J Virol. 88:10840. PubMed
- Schmid MA, et al. 2014. PLoS Pathog. 10:1004541. PubMed
- Cohen SB, et al. 2015. J Immunol. 194:210. PubMed
- Li J, et al. 2015. Cancer Res. 75:508. PubMed
- Price PJ, et al. 2015. J Immunol. 194:1164. PubMed
- Michelet X, et al. 2015. J Immunol. 194:2079. PubMed
- Tzeng A, et al. 2015. PNAS. 112:3320. PubMed
- Peres AG, et al. 2015. Infect Immun. 83:1587. PubMed
- Hansmann L, et al. 2015. Cancer Immunol Res. 3:650. PubMed
- Product Citations
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Antigen Details
- Biology Area
- Apoptosis/Tumor Suppressors/Cell Death, Cell Biology, Neuroscience
- Gene ID
- NA
Related FAQs
- Is Zombie Aqua™ an equivalent to cell labeling and tracer dyes such as CellTrace™ Violet and CFSE?
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Zombie Aqua™ is not a direct equivalent to such dyes because their mechanism of action and scope of application are entirely different.
- I am concerned about the spillover I am observing from the Zombie dye into its neighboring channels.
- Rule of thumb with Zombie dyes is to titrate them down as much as possible to fit your application. This should potentially help with spillover. Secondly, Zombie positive events represent dead cells and are typically gated out from analysis.
- How does the performance of your Zombie dye compare with competitors?
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Zombie dyes have been tested against other leading competitors' fixable viability kits and given comparable results. We also highly recommend that you titrate down the amount of each dye used in order to best match the negative signals of your unstained sample and MFI- (mean fluorescence intensity) stained samples.
- Can I use methanol/ethanol for fixation after using a Zombie dye?
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Yes, most fixation reagents are fine to be used with Zombie dyes. However, it should be noted that Zombie dyes can still be sensitive to reactive oxygen species. Light exposure or reagents with hydrogen peroxide can lead to free radical formation, affecting fluorescence.
- Can Zombie be used to determine bacteria, yeast viability?
- We have not tested in house bacterial or yeast viability using Zombie dyes. It is not clear whether the difference between surface and intracellular signals will be significantly different in case of non mammalian cells.
- Can I use Zombie with cells suspension containing serum?
- Serum is full of proteins which will sequester the dye and thereby reducing its effective concentration. The basic rule of thumb with zombie is to titrate it based on your specific condition. Titration also helps reduce the background and spillover into other channels.
- Can I use Zombie dyes for microscopy?
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Zombie dyes tested in-house for microscopy applications will display data on the product technical datasheet. It should be noted that Zombie dyes may not work for dead cell discrimination in every microscopy application. Important considerations that may impact analysis are determining the signal level that constitutes a dead cell and identifying the proper plane to observe the dead cells.
- Why can't I fix my cells prior to using Zombie dyes?
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The fixation process can contort and alter the membrane of cells, effectively rendering them dead. Since the ability of the Zombie dyes to stain dead cells is correlated with cell permeability, your results may no longer be a valid representation of dead versus live cells.
- Can I use Zombie dyes to detect apoptotic cells?
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Yes, Zombie dyes can be used with apoptosis markers, such as Annexin V or Apotracker™ (shown below), to discriminate live, apoptotic, and dead cells.
One day-old C57BL/6 mouse thymocytes were stained with Apotracker™ Tetra Alexa Fluor® 647 and Zombie™ YG581. Zombie-dim/Apotracker™-positive cells are apoptotic, while double-positive cells are dead. Live cells are negative for both markers.
- Can I use the UV laser to stimulate Zombie Aqua™? If so, can I then use it in conjunction with BV510™?
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While we typically do not test Zombie Aqua™ with the UV laser, its excitation peak suggests it is effectively excited at 355 nm. However, we would not recommend using BV510™ off the violet laser and Zombie Aqua™ off the UV laser at the same time. Due to cross-beam excitation of BV510™ by the UV laser and the violet excitation of Zombie Aqua™, this would lead to significantly increased background and excessive compensation requirements.
- How should I store Zombie dyes?
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Store the Zombie dye kit at -20°C upon receipt. Do not open vials until needed. Once DMSO is added, use immediately or store at -20°C in a dry place and protected from light, preferably in a desiccator or in a container with desiccant for no more than one month.
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