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Monensin Solution (1,000X) Monensin Solution (1,000X)

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420701 1 mL NOK446
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Description

Monensin is a protein transport inhibitor commonly used to enhance intracellular cytokine staining signals by blocking transport processes during cell activation. Especially useful for the intracellular staining of cytokines, monensin leads to the accumulation of most cytokines at the Golgi Complex/Endoplasmic Reticulum (see Jung, et al., 1993). Optimal conditions for use are cell type and time-dependent. Typically, protein transport inhibitors are included during in vitro cell activation cultures for 4-24 hours prior to harvest (see references below for additional information). Monensin Solution is supplied as a 1,000X solution, which should be diluted to 1X in cell culture medium.

Product Details
Technical Data Sheet (pdf)

Product Details

Formulation
Monensin Solution is supplied as a 1000X working solution in 70% Ethanol. Dilute to 1X in cell culture medium.
Concentration
2.0 mM
Storage & Handling
Store the solution between 2°C and 8°C. Monensin is known to be toxic; avoid direct body contact. Ethanol is flammable; keep away from sources of fire.
Application

ICFC - Quality tested
Recommended Usage

Dilute the 1000X solution to 1X in the tissue culture medium. It is recommended that cells are cultured with monensin for ≤ 24 hours, as this can become toxic for cell viability.

Application References
  1. Smeltz RB. 2007. J. Immunol. 178:4786.
  2. Fuse S, et al. 2007. J. Immunol. 178:5227.
  3. Durkin ET,et al. 2008. Blood 10:1182.PubMed
  4. Durkin ET, et al. 2008. Blood 112:5245. PubMed
  5. Liu XS, et al. 2009. J. Immunol. 183:51. PubMed
  6. Mattarollo SR, et al. 2010. J. Immunol. 184:1242. PubMed
  7. Yang M, et al. 2010. J. Immuonl. 184:3321. PubMed
  8. Mattarollo SR, et al. 2010. J. Immunol. 184:5663. PubMed
  9. Wood MW, et al. 2011. Infect Immun. 79:708. PubMed
  10. Janune D, et al. 2011. FEBS Lett. 585:3033. PubMed
  11. Fiorenza S, et al. 2012. J. Immunol. 189:5622. PubMed
  12. Asgari E, et al. 2013. Blood. 122:3473. PubMed
  13. Li D, et al. 2013. Clin Immunol. 149:411. PubMed
  14. Bunse CE, et al. 2013. PLoS One. 8:77925. PubMed
Product Citations
  1. Mattarollo S, et al. 2010. J Immunol. 184:1242. PubMed
  2. Li D, et al. 2013. Clin Immunol. 149:411. PubMed
  3. Pal R, et al. 2020. Curr Protoc Cytom. 92:e69. PubMed
  4. Bhatt RS, et al. 2021. Cancer Immunol Res. 9:156. PubMed
  5. Yu L, et al. 2022. FEBS J. 289:3241. PubMed
  6. Zhang X, et al. 2022. Nat Commun. 13:7582. PubMed
  7. Giannou AD, et al. 2023. Immunity. 56:125. PubMed
  8. Martinelli M, et al. 2023. iScience. 26:105860. PubMed
  9. Zhou H, et al. 2023. Front Immunol. 13:1059687. PubMed
  10. Mandour MF, et al. 2023. Front Med (Lausanne). 9:1057252. PubMed
  11. Pymm P, et al. 2022. Cell Rep. 38:110449. PubMed
  12. Giles JR, et al. 2022. Immunity. 55:557. PubMed
  13. Ye L, et al. 2022. Cell Metab. 34:595. PubMed
  14. Du J, et al. 2022. Sci Immunol. 7:eabo5407. PubMed
  15. Duan LJ, et al. 2022. Cell Rep. 40:111284. PubMed
  16. Lu C, et al. 2023. Antiviral Res. 212:105556. PubMed
  17. Kozlovski S, et al. 2023. Front Immunol. 13:1041552. PubMed
  18. Zhou Y, et al. 2023. Front Immunol. 14:1129705. PubMed
  19. Changsheng H, et al. 2023. Sci Adv. 9:eade4186. PubMed
  20. Comeau K, et al. 2023. Bio Protoc. 13:e4679. PubMed
  21. Frankish J, et al. 2023. Front Immunol. 14:1160116. PubMed
  22. Patskovsky Y, et al. 2023. Nat Commun. 14:3763. PubMed
  23. Aguilar-Pineda JA, et al. 2021. iScience. 24:102993. PubMed
  24. Qian Y, et al. 2021. Cell Reports. 36(8):109602. PubMed
  25. Munk R, et al. 2011. PLoS One. 6:e18553. PubMed
  26. Andrew Mansour, Laurentiu Pop, Ellen Vitetta 2016. PLoS One. 11:e0167618. PubMed
  27. Asgari E, et al. 2013. Blood. 122:3473. PubMed
  28. Pan YG, et al. 2022. Methods Mol Biol. 2574:31. PubMed
  29. Bailey S, et al. 2017. Nat Commun.. 10.1038/s41467-017-01867-9. PubMed
  30. Durkin E, et al. 2008. Blood. 112:5245. PubMed
  31. Cook CP, et al. 2022. Cell Rep Med. 3:100715. PubMed
  32. Tian M, et al. 2022. J Clin Invest. 132:. PubMed
  33. Kimura I, et al. 2022. Cell Rep. 38:110218. PubMed
  34. Gao F, et al. 2021. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 10:593805. PubMed
  35. Yang M, et al. 2010. J Immunol. 184:3321. PubMed
  36. Izumi K, et al. 2021. Immunohorizons. 5:687. PubMed
  37. Glaubitz J, et al. 2022. Nat Commun. 13:4502. PubMed
  38. Datta A, et al. 2022. J Fungi (Basel). 8:. PubMed
  39. Martens A, et al. 2020. Nat Immunol. 21:381. PubMed
  40. Theeb W, et al. 2017. Infect Immun . 10.1128/IAI.00475-16. PubMed
  41. Fiorenza S, et al. 2012. J Immunol. 189:5622. PubMed
  42. Rana A, et al. 2020. Front Immunol. 11:536. PubMed
  43. Al-Attar A, et al. 2016. Data Brief. 8: 536-44. PubMed
  44. Joosten S, et al. 2016. PLoS Pathog. 12: 1005687. PubMed
  45. Geisness AC, et al. 2021. Haematologica. Online ahead of print. PubMed
  46. Douthwaite J, et al. 2017. J Immunol. 198(1):528-537. PubMed
  47. Meyer C, Key P 2017. Imm Inflam Dis. 10.1002/iid3.156. PubMed
  48. Montes de Oca M, et al. 2020. PLoS Pathog. 16:e1008994. PubMed
  49. Ries M, et al. 2017. PLoS Pathog. 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006506. PubMed
  50. Steinbuck MP, et al. 2021. Sci Adv. 7: . PubMed
  51. Acharya A, et al. 2020. J Virol. 95:e01657. PubMed
  52. Park HB, et al. 2020. Oncoimmunology. 9:1772663. PubMed
  53. Janune D, et al. 2011. FEBS Lett. 585:3033. PubMed
  54. Shenoy AT, et al. 2021. Nat Commun. 12:5834. PubMed
  55. Imani J, et al. 2021. JCI Insight. 6:. PubMed
  56. Elliott PR, et al. 2021. Cell Rep. 37:109777. PubMed
  57. Bunting MD, et al. 2022. Sci Adv. 8:eabk3327. PubMed
  58. Takushi SE, et al. 2020. Hum Gene Ther. 31:626. PubMed
  59. Uddin MN, et al. 2022. Brain Behav Immun Health. 26:100563. PubMed
  60. Orlov M, et al. 2017. PLoS One.. 10.1371/journal.pone.018296. PubMed
  61. Mittal P, et al. 2020. Cancers (Basel). :12. PubMed
  62. Gross C, et al. 2016. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 3: e289. PubMed
  63. Ren Y, et al. 2022. J Immunother Cancer. 10:. PubMed
  64. Johnson AM, et al. 2020. J Immunol. 204:2295. PubMed
  65. Vacaflores A, et al. 2016. PLoS One. 11: 0157175. PubMed
  66. Huang RS, et al. 2021. Curr Protoc. 1:e246. PubMed
  67. Sendler M, et al. 2020. Gastroenterology. 158:253. PubMed
  68. Krishnan A, et al. 2020. Am J Pathol. 190:1284. PubMed
  69. Ngwenyama N, et al. 2019. JCI Insight. 4:e125527. PubMed
  70. Chen YF, et al. 2019. J Biomed Sci. 26:85. PubMed
  71. Nice T, et al. 2016. PLoS One. 12: 1005684. PubMed
  72. de Picciotto S, et al. 2022. Nat Commun. 13:3866. PubMed
  73. Shafer S, et al. 2021. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 148:256. PubMed
  74. Teh MR, et al. 2021. Front Immunol. 12:714613. PubMed
  75. Loeuillard E, et al. 2020. J Clin Invest. 130:5380. PubMed
  76. Liu X, et al. 2009. J Immunol. 183:51:00. PubMed
  77. Gladow N, et al. 2020. PLoS One. 15:e0227734. PubMed
  78. Mandour MF, et al. 2020. Infect Agent Cancer. 15:30. PubMed
  79. Wood M, et al. 2011. Infect Immun. 79:708. PubMed
  80. Ren Y, et al. 2015. Biochim Biophys Acta. Available online 14 August 2015. PubMed
  81. Sabag B, et al. 2022. Cancers (Basel). 14:. PubMed
  82. FitzPatrick MEB, et al. 2021. Cell Rep. 34:108661. PubMed
  83. Dimeloe S, et al. 2016. J Immunol. 196: 106 - 114. PubMed
  84. Bunse C, et al. 2013. PLoS One. 8:77925. PubMed
  85. Burger ML, et al. 2021. Cell. 184:4996. PubMed
  86. Landi A, et al. 2017. Vaccine.. 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.10.072. PubMed
  87. Liu X, et al. 2020. Ther Adv Med Oncol. 12:1758835920910347. PubMed
  88. Bonavita E, et al. 2020. Immunity. 1215:53. PubMed
  89. Mackroth M, et al. 2016. PLoS Pathog. 12:e1005909. PubMed
  90. Seenappa LM, et al. 2022. NPJ Vaccines. 7:128. PubMed
  91. Spiljar M, et al. 2021. Cell Metab. 33:2231. PubMed
  92. Ruland C, et al. 2017. Brain Behav Immun. 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.06.010. PubMed
  93. Schridde A, et al. 2017. Mucosal Immunol. 10.1038/mi.2016.142. PubMed
  94. Mattarollo S, et al. 2010. J Immunol. 184:5663. PubMed
  95. Krishna B, et al. 2016. Sci Rep. 6: 24674. PubMed
  96. Kumar S, et al. 2021. JCI Insight. 6:e145228. PubMed
  97. Fujiwara Y, et al. 2021. Nat Commun. 12:5857. PubMed
  98. Laczkó D, et al. 2020. Immunity. 53:724. PubMed
  99. Marvin S, et al. 2017. J Virol. 10.1128/JVI.01417-16. PubMed
  100. Mattarollo S, et al. 2010. J Immunol. 184:1242. PubMed
  101. Li D, et al. 2013. Clin Immunol. 149:411. PubMed
  102. Pal R, et al. 2020. Curr Protoc Cytom. 92:e69. PubMed
  103. Bhatt RS, et al. 2021. Cancer Immunol Res. 9:156. PubMed
  104. Yu L, et al. 2022. FEBS J. 289:3241. PubMed
  105. Zhang X, et al. 2022. Nat Commun. 13:7582. PubMed
  106. Giannou AD, et al. 2023. Immunity. 56:125. PubMed
  107. Martinelli M, et al. 2023. iScience. 26:105860. PubMed
  108. Zhou H, et al. 2023. Front Immunol. 13:1059687. PubMed
  109. Mandour MF, et al. 2023. Front Med (Lausanne). 9:1057252. PubMed
  110. Pymm P, et al. 2022. Cell Rep. 38:110449. PubMed
  111. Giles JR, et al. 2022. Immunity. 55:557. PubMed
  112. Ye L, et al. 2022. Cell Metab. 34:595. PubMed
  113. Du J, et al. 2022. Sci Immunol. 7:eabo5407. PubMed
  114. Duan LJ, et al. 2022. Cell Rep. 40:111284. PubMed
  115. Lu C, et al. 2023. Antiviral Res. 212:105556. PubMed
  116. Kozlovski S, et al. 2023. Front Immunol. 13:1041552. PubMed
  117. Zhou Y, et al. 2023. Front Immunol. 14:1129705. PubMed
  118. Changsheng H, et al. 2023. Sci Adv. 9:eade4186. PubMed
  119. Comeau K, et al. 2023. Bio Protoc. 13:e4679. PubMed
  120. Frankish J, et al. 2023. Front Immunol. 14:1160116. PubMed
  121. Patskovsky Y, et al. 2023. Nat Commun. 14:3763. PubMed
  122. Aguilar-Pineda JA, et al. 2021. iScience. 24:102993. PubMed
  123. Qian Y, et al. 2021. Cell Reports. 36(8):109602. PubMed
  124. Munk R, et al. 2011. PLoS One. 6:e18553. PubMed
  125. Andrew Mansour, Laurentiu Pop, Ellen Vitetta 2016. PLoS One. 11:e0167618. PubMed
  126. Asgari E, et al. 2013. Blood. 122:3473. PubMed
  127. Pan YG, et al. 2022. Methods Mol Biol. 2574:31. PubMed
  128. Bailey S, et al. 2017. Nat Commun.. 10.1038/s41467-017-01867-9. PubMed
  129. Durkin E, et al. 2008. Blood. 112:5245. PubMed
  130. Cook CP, et al. 2022. Cell Rep Med. 3:100715. PubMed
  131. Tian M, et al. 2022. J Clin Invest. 132:. PubMed
  132. Kimura I, et al. 2022. Cell Rep. 38:110218. PubMed
  133. Gao F, et al. 2021. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 10:593805. PubMed
  134. Yang M, et al. 2010. J Immunol. 184:3321. PubMed
  135. Izumi K, et al. 2021. Immunohorizons. 5:687. PubMed
  136. Glaubitz J, et al. 2022. Nat Commun. 13:4502. PubMed
  137. Datta A, et al. 2022. J Fungi (Basel). 8:. PubMed
  138. Martens A, et al. 2020. Nat Immunol. 21:381. PubMed
  139. Theeb W, et al. 2017. Infect Immun . 10.1128/IAI.00475-16. PubMed
  140. Fiorenza S, et al. 2012. J Immunol. 189:5622. PubMed
  141. Rana A, et al. 2020. Front Immunol. 11:536. PubMed
  142. Al-Attar A, et al. 2016. Data Brief. 8: 536-44. PubMed
  143. Joosten S, et al. 2016. PLoS Pathog. 12: 1005687. PubMed
  144. Geisness AC, et al. 2021. Haematologica. Online ahead of print. PubMed
  145. Douthwaite J, et al. 2017. J Immunol. 198(1):528-537. PubMed
  146. Meyer C, Key P 2017. Imm Inflam Dis. 10.1002/iid3.156. PubMed
  147. Montes de Oca M, et al. 2020. PLoS Pathog. 16:e1008994. PubMed
  148. Ries M, et al. 2017. PLoS Pathog. 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006506. PubMed
  149. Steinbuck MP, et al. 2021. Sci Adv. 7: . PubMed
  150. Acharya A, et al. 2020. J Virol. 95:e01657. PubMed
  151. Park HB, et al. 2020. Oncoimmunology. 9:1772663. PubMed
  152. Janune D, et al. 2011. FEBS Lett. 585:3033. PubMed
  153. Shenoy AT, et al. 2021. Nat Commun. 12:5834. PubMed
  154. Imani J, et al. 2021. JCI Insight. 6:. PubMed
  155. Elliott PR, et al. 2021. Cell Rep. 37:109777. PubMed
  156. Bunting MD, et al. 2022. Sci Adv. 8:eabk3327. PubMed
  157. Takushi SE, et al. 2020. Hum Gene Ther. 31:626. PubMed
  158. Uddin MN, et al. 2022. Brain Behav Immun Health. 26:100563. PubMed
  159. Orlov M, et al. 2017. PLoS One.. 10.1371/journal.pone.018296. PubMed
  160. Mittal P, et al. 2020. Cancers (Basel). :12. PubMed
  161. Gross C, et al. 2016. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 3: e289. PubMed
  162. Ren Y, et al. 2022. J Immunother Cancer. 10:. PubMed
  163. Johnson AM, et al. 2020. J Immunol. 204:2295. PubMed
  164. Vacaflores A, et al. 2016. PLoS One. 11: 0157175. PubMed
  165. Huang RS, et al. 2021. Curr Protoc. 1:e246. PubMed
  166. Sendler M, et al. 2020. Gastroenterology. 158:253. PubMed
  167. Krishnan A, et al. 2020. Am J Pathol. 190:1284. PubMed
  168. Ngwenyama N, et al. 2019. JCI Insight. 4:e125527. PubMed
  169. Chen YF, et al. 2019. J Biomed Sci. 26:85. PubMed
  170. Nice T, et al. 2016. PLoS One. 12: 1005684. PubMed
  171. de Picciotto S, et al. 2022. Nat Commun. 13:3866. PubMed
  172. Shafer S, et al. 2021. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 148:256. PubMed
  173. Teh MR, et al. 2021. Front Immunol. 12:714613. PubMed
  174. Loeuillard E, et al. 2020. J Clin Invest. 130:5380. PubMed
  175. Liu X, et al. 2009. J Immunol. 183:51:00. PubMed
  176. Gladow N, et al. 2020. PLoS One. 15:e0227734. PubMed
  177. Mandour MF, et al. 2020. Infect Agent Cancer. 15:30. PubMed
  178. Wood M, et al. 2011. Infect Immun. 79:708. PubMed
  179. Ren Y, et al. 2015. Biochim Biophys Acta. Available online 14 August 2015. PubMed
  180. Sabag B, et al. 2022. Cancers (Basel). 14:. PubMed
  181. FitzPatrick MEB, et al. 2021. Cell Rep. 34:108661. PubMed
  182. Dimeloe S, et al. 2016. J Immunol. 196: 106 - 114. PubMed
  183. Bunse C, et al. 2013. PLoS One. 8:77925. PubMed
  184. Burger ML, et al. 2021. Cell. 184:4996. PubMed
  185. Landi A, et al. 2017. Vaccine.. 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.10.072. PubMed
  186. Liu X, et al. 2020. Ther Adv Med Oncol. 12:1758835920910347. PubMed
  187. Bonavita E, et al. 2020. Immunity. 1215:53. PubMed
  188. Mackroth M, et al. 2016. PLoS Pathog. 12:e1005909. PubMed
  189. Seenappa LM, et al. 2022. NPJ Vaccines. 7:128. PubMed
  190. Spiljar M, et al. 2021. Cell Metab. 33:2231. PubMed
  191. Ruland C, et al. 2017. Brain Behav Immun. 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.06.010. PubMed
  192. Schridde A, et al. 2017. Mucosal Immunol. 10.1038/mi.2016.142. PubMed
  193. Mattarollo S, et al. 2010. J Immunol. 184:5663. PubMed
  194. Krishna B, et al. 2016. Sci Rep. 6: 24674. PubMed
  195. Kumar S, et al. 2021. JCI Insight. 6:e145228. PubMed
  196. Fujiwara Y, et al. 2021. Nat Commun. 12:5857. PubMed
  197. Laczkó D, et al. 2020. Immunity. 53:724. PubMed
  198. Marvin S, et al. 2017. J Virol. 10.1128/JVI.01417-16. PubMed

Antigen Details

Antigen References

1. Current Protocols in Immunology (John Wiley & Sons New York) Unit 6.24 Detection of Intracellular Cytokines by Flow Cytometry (Barbara Foster and Calman Prussin NIAID NIH Bethesda MD).
2. Sander B, et al. 1991. Immunol. Rev. 119:65.
3. Sander B, et al. 1993. J. Immunol. Meth. 166:201.
4. Prussin C, et al. 1995. J. Immunol. Meth. 188:117.
5. Jung T, et al. 1993. J. Immunol. Meth. 159:197.

Gene ID
NA

Related FAQs

How do I choose monensin or Brefeldin A solution?

Generally, Brefeldin A is more toxic for longer term incubations, so for shorter stimulations (6 hrs or less) use Brefeldin A.  For longer stimulations use monensin.  We recommend optimization for each cell type and protocol.

Go To Top Version: 1    Revision Date: 11.30.2012

For Research Use Only. Not for diagnostic or therapeutic use.

 

This product is supplied subject to the terms and conditions, including the limited license, located at www.biolegend.com/terms) ("Terms") and may be used only as provided in the Terms. Without limiting the foregoing, BioLegend products may not be used for any Commercial Purpose as defined in the Terms, resold in any form, used in manufacturing, or reverse engineered, sequenced, or otherwise studied or used to learn its design or composition without express written approval of BioLegend. Regardless of the information given in this document, user is solely responsible for determining any license requirements necessary for user’s intended use and assumes all risk and liability arising from use of the product. BioLegend is not responsible for patent infringement or any other risks or liabilities whatsoever resulting from the use of its products.

 

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Pricing & Availability
Regulatory Status
RUO
Ave. Rating
Submit a Review
Product Citations
publications
Cat # Size Price Quantity Check Availability Save
420701 1 mL NOK446
Check Availability


Need larger quantities of this item?
Request Bulk Quote
Description

Monensin is a protein transport inhibitor commonly used to enhance intracellular cytokine staining signals by blocking transport processes during cell activation. Especially useful for the intracellular staining of cytokines, monensin leads to the accumulation of most cytokines at the Golgi Complex/Endoplasmic Reticulum (see Jung, et al., 1993). Optimal conditions for use are cell type and time-dependent. Typically, protein transport inhibitors are included during in vitro cell activation cultures for 4-24 hours prior to harvest (see references below for additional information). Monensin Solution is supplied as a 1,000X solution, which should be diluted to 1X in cell culture medium.

Product Details
Technical Data Sheet (pdf)

Product Details

Formulation
Monensin Solution is supplied as a 1000X working solution in 70% Ethanol. Dilute to 1X in cell culture medium.
Concentration
2.0 mM
Storage & Handling
Store the solution between 2°C and 8°C. Monensin is known to be toxic; avoid direct body contact. Ethanol is flammable; keep away from sources of fire.
Application

ICFC - Quality tested
Recommended Usage

Dilute the 1000X solution to 1X in the tissue culture medium. It is recommended that cells are cultured with monensin for ≤ 24 hours, as this can become toxic for cell viability.

Application References
  1. Smeltz RB. 2007. J. Immunol. 178:4786.
  2. Fuse S, et al. 2007. J. Immunol. 178:5227.
  3. Durkin ET,et al. 2008. Blood 10:1182.PubMed
  4. Durkin ET, et al. 2008. Blood 112:5245. PubMed
  5. Liu XS, et al. 2009. J. Immunol. 183:51. PubMed
  6. Mattarollo SR, et al. 2010. J. Immunol. 184:1242. PubMed
  7. Yang M, et al. 2010. J. Immuonl. 184:3321. PubMed
  8. Mattarollo SR, et al. 2010. J. Immunol. 184:5663. PubMed
  9. Wood MW, et al. 2011. Infect Immun. 79:708. PubMed
  10. Janune D, et al. 2011. FEBS Lett. 585:3033. PubMed
  11. Fiorenza S, et al. 2012. J. Immunol. 189:5622. PubMed
  12. Asgari E, et al. 2013. Blood. 122:3473. PubMed
  13. Li D, et al. 2013. Clin Immunol. 149:411. PubMed
  14. Bunse CE, et al. 2013. PLoS One. 8:77925. PubMed
Product Citations
  1. Mattarollo S, et al. 2010. J Immunol. 184:1242. PubMed
  2. Li D, et al. 2013. Clin Immunol. 149:411. PubMed
  3. Pal R, et al. 2020. Curr Protoc Cytom. 92:e69. PubMed
  4. Bhatt RS, et al. 2021. Cancer Immunol Res. 9:156. PubMed
  5. Yu L, et al. 2022. FEBS J. 289:3241. PubMed
  6. Zhang X, et al. 2022. Nat Commun. 13:7582. PubMed
  7. Giannou AD, et al. 2023. Immunity. 56:125. PubMed
  8. Martinelli M, et al. 2023. iScience. 26:105860. PubMed
  9. Zhou H, et al. 2023. Front Immunol. 13:1059687. PubMed
  10. Mandour MF, et al. 2023. Front Med (Lausanne). 9:1057252. PubMed
  11. Pymm P, et al. 2022. Cell Rep. 38:110449. PubMed
  12. Giles JR, et al. 2022. Immunity. 55:557. PubMed
  13. Ye L, et al. 2022. Cell Metab. 34:595. PubMed
  14. Du J, et al. 2022. Sci Immunol. 7:eabo5407. PubMed
  15. Duan LJ, et al. 2022. Cell Rep. 40:111284. PubMed
  16. Lu C, et al. 2023. Antiviral Res. 212:105556. PubMed
  17. Kozlovski S, et al. 2023. Front Immunol. 13:1041552. PubMed
  18. Zhou Y, et al. 2023. Front Immunol. 14:1129705. PubMed
  19. Changsheng H, et al. 2023. Sci Adv. 9:eade4186. PubMed
  20. Comeau K, et al. 2023. Bio Protoc. 13:e4679. PubMed
  21. Frankish J, et al. 2023. Front Immunol. 14:1160116. PubMed
  22. Patskovsky Y, et al. 2023. Nat Commun. 14:3763. PubMed
  23. Aguilar-Pineda JA, et al. 2021. iScience. 24:102993. PubMed
  24. Qian Y, et al. 2021. Cell Reports. 36(8):109602. PubMed
  25. Munk R, et al. 2011. PLoS One. 6:e18553. PubMed
  26. Andrew Mansour, Laurentiu Pop, Ellen Vitetta 2016. PLoS One. 11:e0167618. PubMed
  27. Asgari E, et al. 2013. Blood. 122:3473. PubMed
  28. Pan YG, et al. 2022. Methods Mol Biol. 2574:31. PubMed
  29. Bailey S, et al. 2017. Nat Commun.. 10.1038/s41467-017-01867-9. PubMed
  30. Durkin E, et al. 2008. Blood. 112:5245. PubMed
  31. Cook CP, et al. 2022. Cell Rep Med. 3:100715. PubMed
  32. Tian M, et al. 2022. J Clin Invest. 132:. PubMed
  33. Kimura I, et al. 2022. Cell Rep. 38:110218. PubMed
  34. Gao F, et al. 2021. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 10:593805. PubMed
  35. Yang M, et al. 2010. J Immunol. 184:3321. PubMed
  36. Izumi K, et al. 2021. Immunohorizons. 5:687. PubMed
  37. Glaubitz J, et al. 2022. Nat Commun. 13:4502. PubMed
  38. Datta A, et al. 2022. J Fungi (Basel). 8:. PubMed
  39. Martens A, et al. 2020. Nat Immunol. 21:381. PubMed
  40. Theeb W, et al. 2017. Infect Immun . 10.1128/IAI.00475-16. PubMed
  41. Fiorenza S, et al. 2012. J Immunol. 189:5622. PubMed
  42. Rana A, et al. 2020. Front Immunol. 11:536. PubMed
  43. Al-Attar A, et al. 2016. Data Brief. 8: 536-44. PubMed
  44. Joosten S, et al. 2016. PLoS Pathog. 12: 1005687. PubMed
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Antigen Details

Antigen References

1. Current Protocols in Immunology (John Wiley & Sons New York) Unit 6.24 Detection of Intracellular Cytokines by Flow Cytometry (Barbara Foster and Calman Prussin NIAID NIH Bethesda MD).
2. Sander B, et al. 1991. Immunol. Rev. 119:65.
3. Sander B, et al. 1993. J. Immunol. Meth. 166:201.
4. Prussin C, et al. 1995. J. Immunol. Meth. 188:117.
5. Jung T, et al. 1993. J. Immunol. Meth. 159:197.

Gene ID
NA

Related FAQs

How do I choose monensin or Brefeldin A solution?

Generally, Brefeldin A is more toxic for longer term incubations, so for shorter stimulations (6 hrs or less) use Brefeldin A.  For longer stimulations use monensin.  We recommend optimization for each cell type and protocol.

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