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Monensin Solution (1,000X) Monensin Solution (1,000X)

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420701 1 mL SEK454
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Description

Monensin is a protein transport inhibitor commonly used to enhance intracellular cytokine staining signals by blocking transport processes during cell activation. Especially useful for the intracellular staining of cytokines, monensin leads to the accumulation of most cytokines at the Golgi Complex/Endoplasmic Reticulum (see Jung, et al., 1993). Optimal conditions for use are cell type and time-dependent. Typically, protein transport inhibitors are included during in vitro cell activation cultures for 4-24 hours prior to harvest (see references below for additional information). Monensin Solution is supplied as a 1,000X solution, which should be diluted to 1X in cell culture medium.

Product Details
Technical Data Sheet (pdf)

Product Details

Formulation
Monensin Solution is supplied as a 1000X working solution in 70% Ethanol. Dilute to 1X in cell culture medium.
Concentration
2.0 mM
Storage & Handling
Store the solution between 2°C and 8°C. Monensin is known to be toxic; avoid direct body contact. Ethanol is flammable; keep away from sources of fire.
Application

ICFC - Quality tested
Recommended Usage

Dilute the 1000X solution to 1X in the tissue culture medium. It is recommended that cells are cultured with monensin for ≤ 24 hours, as this can become toxic for cell viability.

Application References
  1. Smeltz RB. 2007. J. Immunol. 178:4786.
  2. Fuse S, et al. 2007. J. Immunol. 178:5227.
  3. Durkin ET,et al. 2008. Blood 10:1182.PubMed
  4. Durkin ET, et al. 2008. Blood 112:5245. PubMed
  5. Liu XS, et al. 2009. J. Immunol. 183:51. PubMed
  6. Mattarollo SR, et al. 2010. J. Immunol. 184:1242. PubMed
  7. Yang M, et al. 2010. J. Immuonl. 184:3321. PubMed
  8. Mattarollo SR, et al. 2010. J. Immunol. 184:5663. PubMed
  9. Wood MW, et al. 2011. Infect Immun. 79:708. PubMed
  10. Janune D, et al. 2011. FEBS Lett. 585:3033. PubMed
  11. Fiorenza S, et al. 2012. J. Immunol. 189:5622. PubMed
  12. Asgari E, et al. 2013. Blood. 122:3473. PubMed
  13. Li D, et al. 2013. Clin Immunol. 149:411. PubMed
  14. Bunse CE, et al. 2013. PLoS One. 8:77925. PubMed
Product Citations
  1. Du J, et al. 2022. Sci Immunol. 7:eabo5407. PubMed
  2. Duan LJ, et al. 2022. Cell Rep. 40:111284. PubMed
  3. Lu C, et al. 2023. Antiviral Res. 212:105556. PubMed
  4. Kozlovski S, et al. 2023. Front Immunol. 13:1041552. PubMed
  5. Zhou Y, et al. 2023. Front Immunol. 14:1129705. PubMed
  6. Changsheng H, et al. 2023. Sci Adv. 9:eade4186. PubMed
  7. Comeau K, et al. 2023. Bio Protoc. 13:e4679. PubMed
  8. Frankish J, et al. 2023. Front Immunol. 14:1160116. PubMed
  9. Patskovsky Y, et al. 2023. Nat Commun. 14:3763. PubMed
  10. Mattarollo S, et al. 2010. J Immunol. 184:1242. PubMed
  11. Pal R, et al. 2020. Curr Protoc Cytom. 92:e69. PubMed
  12. Bhatt RS, et al. 2021. Cancer Immunol Res. 9:156. PubMed
  13. Yu L, et al. 2022. FEBS J. 289:3241. PubMed
  14. Zhang X, et al. 2022. Nat Commun. 13:7582. PubMed
  15. Giannou AD, et al. 2023. Immunity. 56:125. PubMed
  16. Martinelli M, et al. 2023. iScience. 26:105860. PubMed
  17. Zhou H, et al. 2023. Front Immunol. 13:1059687. PubMed
  18. Mandour MF, et al. 2023. Front Med (Lausanne). 9:1057252. PubMed
  19. Pymm P, et al. 2022. Cell Rep. 38:110449. PubMed
  20. Giles JR, et al. 2022. Immunity. 55:557. PubMed
  21. Ye L, et al. 2022. Cell Metab. 34:595. PubMed
  22. Li D, et al. 2013. Clin Immunol. 149:411. PubMed
  23. Munk R, et al. 2011. PLoS One. 6:e18553. PubMed
  24. Pan YG, et al. 2022. Methods Mol Biol. 2574:31. PubMed
  25. Aguilar-Pineda JA, et al. 2021. iScience. 24:102993. PubMed
  26. Qian Y, et al. 2021. Cell Reports. 36(8):109602. PubMed
  27. Andrew Mansour, Laurentiu Pop, Ellen Vitetta 2016. PLoS One. 11:e0167618. PubMed
  28. Asgari E, et al. 2013. Blood. 122:3473. PubMed
  29. Bailey S, et al. 2017. Nat Commun.. 10.1038/s41467-017-01867-9. PubMed
  30. Durkin E, et al. 2008. Blood. 112:5245. PubMed
  31. Yang M, et al. 2010. J Immunol. 184:3321. PubMed
  32. Cook CP, et al. 2022. Cell Rep Med. 3:100715. PubMed
  33. Tian M, et al. 2022. J Clin Invest. 132:. PubMed
  34. Kimura I, et al. 2022. Cell Rep. 38:110218. PubMed
  35. Gao F, et al. 2021. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 10:593805. PubMed
  36. Izumi K, et al. 2021. Immunohorizons. 5:687. PubMed
  37. Glaubitz J, et al. 2022. Nat Commun. 13:4502. PubMed
  38. Rana A, et al. 2020. Front Immunol. 11:536. PubMed
  39. Datta A, et al. 2022. J Fungi (Basel). 8:. PubMed
  40. Martens A, et al. 2020. Nat Immunol. 21:381. PubMed
  41. Theeb W, et al. 2017. Infect Immun . 10.1128/IAI.00475-16. PubMed
  42. Al-Attar A, et al. 2016. Data Brief. 8: 536-44. PubMed
  43. Joosten S, et al. 2016. PLoS Pathog. 12: 1005687. PubMed
  44. Fiorenza S, et al. 2012. J Immunol. 189:5622. PubMed
  45. Geisness AC, et al. 2021. Haematologica. Online ahead of print. PubMed
  46. Douthwaite J, et al. 2017. J Immunol. 198(1):528-537. PubMed
  47. Meyer C, Key P 2017. Imm Inflam Dis. 10.1002/iid3.156. PubMed
  48. Montes de Oca M, et al. 2020. PLoS Pathog. 16:e1008994. PubMed
  49. Park HB, et al. 2020. Oncoimmunology. 9:1772663. PubMed
  50. Ries M, et al. 2017. PLoS Pathog. 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006506. PubMed
  51. Steinbuck MP, et al. 2021. Sci Adv. 7: . PubMed
  52. Acharya A, et al. 2020. J Virol. 95:e01657. PubMed
  53. Janune D, et al. 2011. FEBS Lett. 585:3033. PubMed
  54. Shenoy AT, et al. 2021. Nat Commun. 12:5834. PubMed
  55. Imani J, et al. 2021. JCI Insight. 6:. PubMed
  56. Elliott PR, et al. 2021. Cell Rep. 37:109777. PubMed
  57. Bunting MD, et al. 2022. Sci Adv. 8:eabk3327. PubMed
  58. Uddin MN, et al. 2022. Brain Behav Immun Health. 26:100563. PubMed
  59. Takushi SE, et al. 2020. Hum Gene Ther. 31:626. PubMed
  60. Orlov M, et al. 2017. PLoS One.. 10.1371/journal.pone.018296. PubMed
  61. Ren Y, et al. 2022. J Immunother Cancer. 10:. PubMed
  62. Mittal P, et al. 2020. Cancers (Basel). :12. PubMed
  63. Gross C, et al. 2016. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 3: e289. PubMed
  64. Vacaflores A, et al. 2016. PLoS One. 11: 0157175. PubMed
  65. Johnson AM, et al. 2020. J Immunol. 204:2295. PubMed
  66. Sendler M, et al. 2020. Gastroenterology. 158:253. PubMed
  67. Huang RS, et al. 2021. Curr Protoc. 1:e246. PubMed
  68. Ngwenyama N, et al. 2019. JCI Insight. 4:e125527. PubMed
  69. Chen YF, et al. 2019. J Biomed Sci. 26:85. PubMed
  70. Nice T, et al. 2016. PLoS One. 12: 1005684. PubMed
  71. Krishnan A, et al. 2020. Am J Pathol. 190:1284. PubMed
  72. Liu X, et al. 2009. J Immunol. 183:51:00. PubMed
  73. Gladow N, et al. 2020. PLoS One. 15:e0227734. PubMed
  74. de Picciotto S, et al. 2022. Nat Commun. 13:3866. PubMed
  75. Shafer S, et al. 2021. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 148:256. PubMed
  76. Teh MR, et al. 2021. Front Immunol. 12:714613. PubMed
  77. Loeuillard E, et al. 2020. J Clin Invest. 130:5380. PubMed
  78. Mandour MF, et al. 2020. Infect Agent Cancer. 15:30. PubMed
  79. Wood M, et al. 2011. Infect Immun. 79:708. PubMed
  80. Ren Y, et al. 2015. Biochim Biophys Acta. Available online 14 August 2015. PubMed
  81. Sabag B, et al. 2022. Cancers (Basel). 14:. PubMed
  82. FitzPatrick MEB, et al. 2021. Cell Rep. 34:108661. PubMed
  83. Dimeloe S, et al. 2016. J Immunol. 196: 106 - 114. PubMed
  84. Bunse C, et al. 2013. PLoS One. 8:77925. PubMed
  85. Landi A, et al. 2017. Vaccine.. 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.10.072. PubMed
  86. Liu X, et al. 2020. Ther Adv Med Oncol. 12:1758835920910347. PubMed
  87. Burger ML, et al. 2021. Cell. 184:4996. PubMed
  88. Seenappa LM, et al. 2022. NPJ Vaccines. 7:128. PubMed
  89. Bonavita E, et al. 2020. Immunity. 1215:53. PubMed
  90. Mackroth M, et al. 2016. PLoS Pathog. 12:e1005909. PubMed
  91. Ruland C, et al. 2017. Brain Behav Immun. 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.06.010. PubMed
  92. Mattarollo S, et al. 2010. J Immunol. 184:5663. PubMed
  93. Spiljar M, et al. 2021. Cell Metab. 33:2231. PubMed
  94. Krishna B, et al. 2016. Sci Rep. 6: 24674. PubMed
  95. Schridde A, et al. 2017. Mucosal Immunol. 10.1038/mi.2016.142. PubMed
  96. Kumar S, et al. 2021. JCI Insight. 6:e145228. PubMed
  97. Fujiwara Y, et al. 2021. Nat Commun. 12:5857. PubMed
  98. Laczkó D, et al. 2020. Immunity. 53:724. PubMed
  99. Marvin S, et al. 2017. J Virol. 10.1128/JVI.01417-16. PubMed
  100. Du J, et al. 2022. Sci Immunol. 7:eabo5407. PubMed
  101. Duan LJ, et al. 2022. Cell Rep. 40:111284. PubMed
  102. Lu C, et al. 2023. Antiviral Res. 212:105556. PubMed
  103. Kozlovski S, et al. 2023. Front Immunol. 13:1041552. PubMed
  104. Zhou Y, et al. 2023. Front Immunol. 14:1129705. PubMed
  105. Changsheng H, et al. 2023. Sci Adv. 9:eade4186. PubMed
  106. Comeau K, et al. 2023. Bio Protoc. 13:e4679. PubMed
  107. Frankish J, et al. 2023. Front Immunol. 14:1160116. PubMed
  108. Patskovsky Y, et al. 2023. Nat Commun. 14:3763. PubMed
  109. Mattarollo S, et al. 2010. J Immunol. 184:1242. PubMed
  110. Pal R, et al. 2020. Curr Protoc Cytom. 92:e69. PubMed
  111. Bhatt RS, et al. 2021. Cancer Immunol Res. 9:156. PubMed
  112. Yu L, et al. 2022. FEBS J. 289:3241. PubMed
  113. Zhang X, et al. 2022. Nat Commun. 13:7582. PubMed
  114. Giannou AD, et al. 2023. Immunity. 56:125. PubMed
  115. Martinelli M, et al. 2023. iScience. 26:105860. PubMed
  116. Zhou H, et al. 2023. Front Immunol. 13:1059687. PubMed
  117. Mandour MF, et al. 2023. Front Med (Lausanne). 9:1057252. PubMed
  118. Pymm P, et al. 2022. Cell Rep. 38:110449. PubMed
  119. Giles JR, et al. 2022. Immunity. 55:557. PubMed
  120. Ye L, et al. 2022. Cell Metab. 34:595. PubMed
  121. Li D, et al. 2013. Clin Immunol. 149:411. PubMed
  122. Munk R, et al. 2011. PLoS One. 6:e18553. PubMed
  123. Pan YG, et al. 2022. Methods Mol Biol. 2574:31. PubMed
  124. Aguilar-Pineda JA, et al. 2021. iScience. 24:102993. PubMed
  125. Qian Y, et al. 2021. Cell Reports. 36(8):109602. PubMed
  126. Andrew Mansour, Laurentiu Pop, Ellen Vitetta 2016. PLoS One. 11:e0167618. PubMed
  127. Asgari E, et al. 2013. Blood. 122:3473. PubMed
  128. Bailey S, et al. 2017. Nat Commun.. 10.1038/s41467-017-01867-9. PubMed
  129. Durkin E, et al. 2008. Blood. 112:5245. PubMed
  130. Yang M, et al. 2010. J Immunol. 184:3321. PubMed
  131. Cook CP, et al. 2022. Cell Rep Med. 3:100715. PubMed
  132. Tian M, et al. 2022. J Clin Invest. 132:. PubMed
  133. Kimura I, et al. 2022. Cell Rep. 38:110218. PubMed
  134. Gao F, et al. 2021. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 10:593805. PubMed
  135. Izumi K, et al. 2021. Immunohorizons. 5:687. PubMed
  136. Glaubitz J, et al. 2022. Nat Commun. 13:4502. PubMed
  137. Rana A, et al. 2020. Front Immunol. 11:536. PubMed
  138. Datta A, et al. 2022. J Fungi (Basel). 8:. PubMed
  139. Martens A, et al. 2020. Nat Immunol. 21:381. PubMed
  140. Theeb W, et al. 2017. Infect Immun . 10.1128/IAI.00475-16. PubMed
  141. Al-Attar A, et al. 2016. Data Brief. 8: 536-44. PubMed
  142. Joosten S, et al. 2016. PLoS Pathog. 12: 1005687. PubMed
  143. Fiorenza S, et al. 2012. J Immunol. 189:5622. PubMed
  144. Geisness AC, et al. 2021. Haematologica. Online ahead of print. PubMed
  145. Douthwaite J, et al. 2017. J Immunol. 198(1):528-537. PubMed
  146. Meyer C, Key P 2017. Imm Inflam Dis. 10.1002/iid3.156. PubMed
  147. Montes de Oca M, et al. 2020. PLoS Pathog. 16:e1008994. PubMed
  148. Park HB, et al. 2020. Oncoimmunology. 9:1772663. PubMed
  149. Ries M, et al. 2017. PLoS Pathog. 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006506. PubMed
  150. Steinbuck MP, et al. 2021. Sci Adv. 7: . PubMed
  151. Acharya A, et al. 2020. J Virol. 95:e01657. PubMed
  152. Janune D, et al. 2011. FEBS Lett. 585:3033. PubMed
  153. Shenoy AT, et al. 2021. Nat Commun. 12:5834. PubMed
  154. Imani J, et al. 2021. JCI Insight. 6:. PubMed
  155. Elliott PR, et al. 2021. Cell Rep. 37:109777. PubMed
  156. Bunting MD, et al. 2022. Sci Adv. 8:eabk3327. PubMed
  157. Uddin MN, et al. 2022. Brain Behav Immun Health. 26:100563. PubMed
  158. Takushi SE, et al. 2020. Hum Gene Ther. 31:626. PubMed
  159. Orlov M, et al. 2017. PLoS One.. 10.1371/journal.pone.018296. PubMed
  160. Ren Y, et al. 2022. J Immunother Cancer. 10:. PubMed
  161. Mittal P, et al. 2020. Cancers (Basel). :12. PubMed
  162. Gross C, et al. 2016. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 3: e289. PubMed
  163. Vacaflores A, et al. 2016. PLoS One. 11: 0157175. PubMed
  164. Johnson AM, et al. 2020. J Immunol. 204:2295. PubMed
  165. Sendler M, et al. 2020. Gastroenterology. 158:253. PubMed
  166. Huang RS, et al. 2021. Curr Protoc. 1:e246. PubMed
  167. Ngwenyama N, et al. 2019. JCI Insight. 4:e125527. PubMed
  168. Chen YF, et al. 2019. J Biomed Sci. 26:85. PubMed
  169. Nice T, et al. 2016. PLoS One. 12: 1005684. PubMed
  170. Krishnan A, et al. 2020. Am J Pathol. 190:1284. PubMed
  171. Liu X, et al. 2009. J Immunol. 183:51:00. PubMed
  172. Gladow N, et al. 2020. PLoS One. 15:e0227734. PubMed
  173. de Picciotto S, et al. 2022. Nat Commun. 13:3866. PubMed
  174. Shafer S, et al. 2021. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 148:256. PubMed
  175. Teh MR, et al. 2021. Front Immunol. 12:714613. PubMed
  176. Loeuillard E, et al. 2020. J Clin Invest. 130:5380. PubMed
  177. Mandour MF, et al. 2020. Infect Agent Cancer. 15:30. PubMed
  178. Wood M, et al. 2011. Infect Immun. 79:708. PubMed
  179. Ren Y, et al. 2015. Biochim Biophys Acta. Available online 14 August 2015. PubMed
  180. Sabag B, et al. 2022. Cancers (Basel). 14:. PubMed
  181. FitzPatrick MEB, et al. 2021. Cell Rep. 34:108661. PubMed
  182. Dimeloe S, et al. 2016. J Immunol. 196: 106 - 114. PubMed
  183. Bunse C, et al. 2013. PLoS One. 8:77925. PubMed
  184. Landi A, et al. 2017. Vaccine.. 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.10.072. PubMed
  185. Liu X, et al. 2020. Ther Adv Med Oncol. 12:1758835920910347. PubMed
  186. Burger ML, et al. 2021. Cell. 184:4996. PubMed
  187. Seenappa LM, et al. 2022. NPJ Vaccines. 7:128. PubMed
  188. Bonavita E, et al. 2020. Immunity. 1215:53. PubMed
  189. Mackroth M, et al. 2016. PLoS Pathog. 12:e1005909. PubMed
  190. Ruland C, et al. 2017. Brain Behav Immun. 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.06.010. PubMed
  191. Mattarollo S, et al. 2010. J Immunol. 184:5663. PubMed
  192. Spiljar M, et al. 2021. Cell Metab. 33:2231. PubMed
  193. Krishna B, et al. 2016. Sci Rep. 6: 24674. PubMed
  194. Schridde A, et al. 2017. Mucosal Immunol. 10.1038/mi.2016.142. PubMed
  195. Kumar S, et al. 2021. JCI Insight. 6:e145228. PubMed
  196. Fujiwara Y, et al. 2021. Nat Commun. 12:5857. PubMed
  197. Laczkó D, et al. 2020. Immunity. 53:724. PubMed
  198. Marvin S, et al. 2017. J Virol. 10.1128/JVI.01417-16. PubMed

Antigen Details

Antigen References

1. Current Protocols in Immunology (John Wiley & Sons New York) Unit 6.24 Detection of Intracellular Cytokines by Flow Cytometry (Barbara Foster and Calman Prussin NIAID NIH Bethesda MD).
2. Sander B, et al. 1991. Immunol. Rev. 119:65.
3. Sander B, et al. 1993. J. Immunol. Meth. 166:201.
4. Prussin C, et al. 1995. J. Immunol. Meth. 188:117.
5. Jung T, et al. 1993. J. Immunol. Meth. 159:197.

Gene ID
NA

Related FAQs

How do I choose monensin or Brefeldin A solution?

Generally, Brefeldin A is more toxic for longer term incubations, so for shorter stimulations (6 hrs or less) use Brefeldin A.  For longer stimulations use monensin.  We recommend optimization for each cell type and protocol.

Go To Top Version: 1    Revision Date: 11-30-2012

For Research Use Only. Not for diagnostic or therapeutic use.

 

This product is supplied subject to the terms and conditions, including the limited license, located at www.biolegend.com/terms) ("Terms") and may be used only as provided in the Terms. Without limiting the foregoing, BioLegend products may not be used for any Commercial Purpose as defined in the Terms, resold in any form, used in manufacturing, or reverse engineered, sequenced, or otherwise studied or used to learn its design or composition without express written approval of BioLegend. Regardless of the information given in this document, user is solely responsible for determining any license requirements necessary for user’s intended use and assumes all risk and liability arising from use of the product. BioLegend is not responsible for patent infringement or any other risks or liabilities whatsoever resulting from the use of its products.

 

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Pricing & Availability
Regulatory Status
RUO
Ave. Rating
Submit a Review
Product Citations
publications
Cat # Size Price Quantity Check Availability Save
420701 1 mL SEK454
Check Availability


Need larger quantities of this item?
Request Bulk Quote
Description

Monensin is a protein transport inhibitor commonly used to enhance intracellular cytokine staining signals by blocking transport processes during cell activation. Especially useful for the intracellular staining of cytokines, monensin leads to the accumulation of most cytokines at the Golgi Complex/Endoplasmic Reticulum (see Jung, et al., 1993). Optimal conditions for use are cell type and time-dependent. Typically, protein transport inhibitors are included during in vitro cell activation cultures for 4-24 hours prior to harvest (see references below for additional information). Monensin Solution is supplied as a 1,000X solution, which should be diluted to 1X in cell culture medium.

Product Details
Technical Data Sheet (pdf)

Product Details

Formulation
Monensin Solution is supplied as a 1000X working solution in 70% Ethanol. Dilute to 1X in cell culture medium.
Concentration
2.0 mM
Storage & Handling
Store the solution between 2°C and 8°C. Monensin is known to be toxic; avoid direct body contact. Ethanol is flammable; keep away from sources of fire.
Application

ICFC - Quality tested
Recommended Usage

Dilute the 1000X solution to 1X in the tissue culture medium. It is recommended that cells are cultured with monensin for ≤ 24 hours, as this can become toxic for cell viability.

Application References
  1. Smeltz RB. 2007. J. Immunol. 178:4786.
  2. Fuse S, et al. 2007. J. Immunol. 178:5227.
  3. Durkin ET,et al. 2008. Blood 10:1182.PubMed
  4. Durkin ET, et al. 2008. Blood 112:5245. PubMed
  5. Liu XS, et al. 2009. J. Immunol. 183:51. PubMed
  6. Mattarollo SR, et al. 2010. J. Immunol. 184:1242. PubMed
  7. Yang M, et al. 2010. J. Immuonl. 184:3321. PubMed
  8. Mattarollo SR, et al. 2010. J. Immunol. 184:5663. PubMed
  9. Wood MW, et al. 2011. Infect Immun. 79:708. PubMed
  10. Janune D, et al. 2011. FEBS Lett. 585:3033. PubMed
  11. Fiorenza S, et al. 2012. J. Immunol. 189:5622. PubMed
  12. Asgari E, et al. 2013. Blood. 122:3473. PubMed
  13. Li D, et al. 2013. Clin Immunol. 149:411. PubMed
  14. Bunse CE, et al. 2013. PLoS One. 8:77925. PubMed
Product Citations
  1. Du J, et al. 2022. Sci Immunol. 7:eabo5407. PubMed
  2. Duan LJ, et al. 2022. Cell Rep. 40:111284. PubMed
  3. Lu C, et al. 2023. Antiviral Res. 212:105556. PubMed
  4. Kozlovski S, et al. 2023. Front Immunol. 13:1041552. PubMed
  5. Zhou Y, et al. 2023. Front Immunol. 14:1129705. PubMed
  6. Changsheng H, et al. 2023. Sci Adv. 9:eade4186. PubMed
  7. Comeau K, et al. 2023. Bio Protoc. 13:e4679. PubMed
  8. Frankish J, et al. 2023. Front Immunol. 14:1160116. PubMed
  9. Patskovsky Y, et al. 2023. Nat Commun. 14:3763. PubMed
  10. Mattarollo S, et al. 2010. J Immunol. 184:1242. PubMed
  11. Pal R, et al. 2020. Curr Protoc Cytom. 92:e69. PubMed
  12. Bhatt RS, et al. 2021. Cancer Immunol Res. 9:156. PubMed
  13. Yu L, et al. 2022. FEBS J. 289:3241. PubMed
  14. Zhang X, et al. 2022. Nat Commun. 13:7582. PubMed
  15. Giannou AD, et al. 2023. Immunity. 56:125. PubMed
  16. Martinelli M, et al. 2023. iScience. 26:105860. PubMed
  17. Zhou H, et al. 2023. Front Immunol. 13:1059687. PubMed
  18. Mandour MF, et al. 2023. Front Med (Lausanne). 9:1057252. PubMed
  19. Pymm P, et al. 2022. Cell Rep. 38:110449. PubMed
  20. Giles JR, et al. 2022. Immunity. 55:557. PubMed
  21. Ye L, et al. 2022. Cell Metab. 34:595. PubMed
  22. Li D, et al. 2013. Clin Immunol. 149:411. PubMed
  23. Munk R, et al. 2011. PLoS One. 6:e18553. PubMed
  24. Pan YG, et al. 2022. Methods Mol Biol. 2574:31. PubMed
  25. Aguilar-Pineda JA, et al. 2021. iScience. 24:102993. PubMed
  26. Qian Y, et al. 2021. Cell Reports. 36(8):109602. PubMed
  27. Andrew Mansour, Laurentiu Pop, Ellen Vitetta 2016. PLoS One. 11:e0167618. PubMed
  28. Asgari E, et al. 2013. Blood. 122:3473. PubMed
  29. Bailey S, et al. 2017. Nat Commun.. 10.1038/s41467-017-01867-9. PubMed
  30. Durkin E, et al. 2008. Blood. 112:5245. PubMed
  31. Yang M, et al. 2010. J Immunol. 184:3321. PubMed
  32. Cook CP, et al. 2022. Cell Rep Med. 3:100715. PubMed
  33. Tian M, et al. 2022. J Clin Invest. 132:. PubMed
  34. Kimura I, et al. 2022. Cell Rep. 38:110218. PubMed
  35. Gao F, et al. 2021. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 10:593805. PubMed
  36. Izumi K, et al. 2021. Immunohorizons. 5:687. PubMed
  37. Glaubitz J, et al. 2022. Nat Commun. 13:4502. PubMed
  38. Rana A, et al. 2020. Front Immunol. 11:536. PubMed
  39. Datta A, et al. 2022. J Fungi (Basel). 8:. PubMed
  40. Martens A, et al. 2020. Nat Immunol. 21:381. PubMed
  41. Theeb W, et al. 2017. Infect Immun . 10.1128/IAI.00475-16. PubMed
  42. Al-Attar A, et al. 2016. Data Brief. 8: 536-44. PubMed
  43. Joosten S, et al. 2016. PLoS Pathog. 12: 1005687. PubMed
  44. Fiorenza S, et al. 2012. J Immunol. 189:5622. PubMed
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Antigen Details

Antigen References

1. Current Protocols in Immunology (John Wiley & Sons New York) Unit 6.24 Detection of Intracellular Cytokines by Flow Cytometry (Barbara Foster and Calman Prussin NIAID NIH Bethesda MD).
2. Sander B, et al. 1991. Immunol. Rev. 119:65.
3. Sander B, et al. 1993. J. Immunol. Meth. 166:201.
4. Prussin C, et al. 1995. J. Immunol. Meth. 188:117.
5. Jung T, et al. 1993. J. Immunol. Meth. 159:197.

Gene ID
NA

Related FAQs

How do I choose monensin or Brefeldin A solution?

Generally, Brefeldin A is more toxic for longer term incubations, so for shorter stimulations (6 hrs or less) use Brefeldin A.  For longer stimulations use monensin.  We recommend optimization for each cell type and protocol.

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